Broken Timing Belt.
 

I have a 2005 Volvo S60 2.5L Turbo R AWD Auto w/Sunroof, and my timing belt broke, I should have changed it, thought it had already been done, looked to be in good shape.

What can I do to figure out what damage was done? and is there any chance I could swap in the engine from a 2003 Volvo S60 4dr Sdn 2.5L Turbo AWD, I have on that was a parts car that was junked due to body damage, engine is in perfect shape.

the likely damage is you have bent exhaust valves. You'd need to inspect to see if there is any piston damage but that's not a given. To know for certain you'd have to pull the head or use an inspection camera. To know if you can swap engines, start by finding the engine codes for both cars (usually there's a sticker -and it'll say something like B5254T4 etc - if not use a VIN look up or compare the 6+7 digits to both). Once you know the engine codes you are good to go if they are the same or you may need to research if they are different to see what changed. Then again you can consider simply getting your old head rebuild or swapped out. Not sure if you are planning to do the labor yourself.

I checked my numbers
My S60 R numbers are
6901171
3670625
B5254t4

and the other S60 I have are
6900783
2992163
B5254t2

Can anyone point me to a site that will tell me what that means?

The key is the B5254T4 is the engine code for the S60R and the S60 has the B5254T2. Both are 5 cylinder, 2.5 liter, one is 2nd generation, the other is 4th generation. The T4 has a lower compression (to allow for higher boost) and dual VVT (intake and exhaust). Not sure but I believe the T2 only has single VVT (thus a different engine management system) which would mess up your swap. Given the R is a high value engine, I'd think you'd want to see about getting the head rebuilt.