2005 Volvo S60R
When I accelerate from a standstill, this high pitched chirping sound resonates around the car. I think its coming from the engine in front of the passenger. And since that's where the belts are, I think it may be a belt. Could anyone confirm please?

 

most likely its the idler or tensioner pulley (part of the serpentine belt set up). Belts themselves will only make noise if they lose tension or get wet and slip (ie screech when you rev the engine or at start up). Normally when you replace the timing belt or the serpentine belt the tensioner gets replaced, so if you're due for a timing belt within say the next 10K miles, do it all at once -even if its a bit early... nobody ever got in trouble doing their timing belt too soon :-)

 

So do you think there is anything to worry about for daily driving it for a few more weeks?

 

Noises are difficult to diagnose on a computer.
The accessory belt is at the front of the engine as is the timing belt. Some thing going bad with the acc belt leaves you stranded somewhere. Something goes bad on the timing belt side you get stranded with a large repair bill.

Something is giving you a warning at this point. You need to find out what is making the noise sooner than later.